Disability and sociology: a reality in construction. Social models that explain disability

Abstract

The evolution of societies directly influences the way in which disability is defined as a result of this social change. Knowing how disability has been explained and treated in different places and times is essential to understand it today, and to be able to design successful policies for its social inclusion.Disability is one of the most numerous and heterogeneous diversity factors, and contributes to the enrichment of societies. We consider it necessary to analyze and understand it from this perspective of diversity.The Sociology of disability is a discipline to be built in Spain, unlike other contexts, as in AngloSaxon sociology. The objective of this article is to explore the evolution of interpretive models of disability, from a tragic conception, to the perspective of rights, which we are witnessing today. With the purpose, not so much to tell how this evolution has taken place, but to contribute to the change that allows what seems to have been achieved in the area of Rights: the condition of citizenship, transcends social and daily life: education, employment or independent living, as claimed from the entities of the Third Sector of Disability. We propose a literature review and an analysis of normative texts on the state of the issue, to understand the evolution in the conception of disability and future challenges.